CALIFORNIA EVIDENCE: CIVIL AND CRIMINAL
...Writings
......Authentication
.........Manner of Authentication
............By Content
5 Cards On This Topic:
  • Authentication by content.
  • A writing can be authenticated by circumstantial evidence and by its contents.
  • Defendant's threatening Facebook messages to victim properly authenticated based on their content and the testimony of parties' mutual friend and victim's father.
  • Correspondence sent by opposing counsel authenticated by content.
  • Notes from D properly authenticated where they contain information only D would have known and D acts upon notes as authentic; author need not actually write the writing.