CALIFORNIA EVIDENCE: CIVIL AND CRIMINAL
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Writings
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Authentication
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Manner of Authentication
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5 Cards On This Topic:
Authentication by content.
A writing can be authenticated by circumstantial evidence and by its contents.
Defendant's threatening Facebook messages to victim properly authenticated based on their content and the testimony of parties' mutual friend and victim's father.
Correspondence sent by opposing counsel authenticated by content.
Notes from D properly authenticated where they contain information only D would have known and D acts upon notes as authentic; author need not actually write the writing.